That book. That paper.
The thing you want to understand.
Some texts ask a lot of us. ReadRungs gives you a place to start, with easier versions that lead back to the original. Bring what you need to read. Begin where it makes sense.
Choose a rung. Notice how the language changes as you approach the original.
Magma is hot, melted rock under the ground. It has gas trapped inside. As the magma rises, there is less pressure holding that gas in. If the magma is thick, the gas cannot escape slowly. It expands and bursts out, causing an explosive eruption.
Deep underground, gas is dissolved in hot, melted rock called magma. As magma moves toward the surface, the surrounding pressure drops and the gas begins to separate out. In thick magma, the gas expands faster than it can escape, making the eruption explosive.
When magma rises, lower surrounding pressure allows dissolved gases to form bubbles and expand. Thick, viscous magma limits how quickly that pressure can be released. If expansion outpaces pressure relief, the eruption becomes explosive rather than a steady flow of lava.
As magma approaches the surface, falling confining pressure causes dissolved gases to separate from the melt. Their expansion can exceed the rate at which the viscous magma releases pressure, producing an explosive eruption rather than an effusive flow.
Because magma near the surface exsolves dissolved volatiles as confining pressure drops, the resulting gas expansion can outpace the melt's viscosity-limited ability to relieve that pressure, producing an explosive rather than effusive eruption.
Because magma near the surface exsolves dissolved volatiles as confining pressure drops, the resulting gas expansion can outpace the melt's viscosity-limited ability to relieve that pressure, producing an explosive rather than effusive eruption.
This is an authored sample. In the app, practice questions help you decide when to climb. They aren’t a reading assessment.
A chapter, an article, a paper you’ve been meaning to read. Start with the words that matter to you.
Read an easier version, then try a few questions. Return to the passage whenever you need to.
Each rung brings you closer to the text you started with. The original stays available, unchanged.
The assignment, the chapter, the question after class.
02A paper in a new field. A textbook that expects a head start.
03The report on your desk. The subject you keep coming back to.
Fractions, integers, percentages and introductory algebra. Practice a problem, check your answer, and follow the worked solution in the same app.
Practice MathReadRungs can make a text easier to approach. Generated versions can also make mistakes. Keep the original close; practice questions offer feedback, not a formal assessment or a promise of mastery.
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